MedInTO Medicine and Surgery

Neurology

Neurology

Academic year 2024/2025

Sommario del corso

• Course objectives
• Results of learning outcomes
• Program
• Course delivery
• Learning assessment methods
• Support activities
• Suggested readings and bibliography
• Notes
• Teaching Modules
• Teaching tools
• Course card

Course objectives

Neuroanatomy

The Anatomy module aims to provide the morphofunctional basis for understanding the functional and structural alterations that occur in neurological and neurosurgical pathologies; in particular, the architectural organization and functional properties of the peripheral nervous system, autonomic and sense organs will be analyzed. Particular attention will be paid to the main pathways of the central nervous system: motor and somatosensory, visual and auditory pathways

Neurophysiology

The goal is to teach the function of the nervous system, including motor control, sensory perception and integrative, cognitive, emotional functions. 

Neurology

The Neurology module aims to provide the student with the knowledge of themain anatomical and functional aspects of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System with a simple but scientifically correct description of the main physiopathological alterations appreciable in neurological examination. The Neurology and Neurosurgery lessons aim to provide the student with knowledge of the main functions, dysfunctions and pathologies of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System.

Neurosurgery

The Neurosurgery module is aimed at learning and understanding the main neurosurgical pathologies and their surgical / non-surgical management. The aim of these lessons is to provide theoretical and practical foundations for current practice.

Results of learning outcomes

Neuroanatomy

The student must be able to describe the main pathways of the central nervous system and the anatomy of the sense organs. He must know the course (s) and innervation (s) of the cranial and spinal nerves, as well as the nerves of the autonomic nervous system. Furthermore, he will have to acquire the basicsof functional anatomy and the importance of anatomy for each structure, relating to some pathologies.

Neurophysiology

The students must know the principles of functional organization of the human central nervous system. The course aims at giving a frame for understanding cerebral systems and sensory perception, the control of body movement, human behaviour, cognitive functions, emotions, the sleep-wake cycle, as a basis to understand the diseases of the nervous system.

Neurology

The student should identify the most common neurological diseases and know their etiology, prognosis and treatment. Provide the necessary elements to indicate the execution of the neuroradiological intervention, and to refer the patient to the neurosurgeon or neurorehabilitator.

Neurosurgery

The student will have to learn and acquire the basic notions relating to neurosurgical pathologies, their diagnosis and surgical / non-surgical management.

Program

Anatomy

• Peripheral Nervous System: organization (macro and microanatomy) of the cranial and spinal nerves.
• Autonomous Nervous System: brief introduction to the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. Sense organs: brief introduction to the overall organization of gustatory and olfactory receptors, sense corpuscles and proprioceptors; eye, ear. Main pathways of the central nervous system

Neurophysiology

• General organization of motor systems. Spinal reflexes. Vestibular physiology. Control of posture and balance. Locomotion. Eye movements. Cerebellum. Basal ganglia. Cortical control of movement.
• Central mechanisms of sensory systems: somatic sensations and pain, vision, hearing, smell, taste.
• Cortical functions, electroencephalographic rhythms, sleep-wake cycle, states of consciousness. Learning and Memory. Emotion. Language. Attention and decision making.

Neurology

• The motor function: pyramidal, extrapyramidal system, the cerebellum, the peripheral motor neuron and its pathology.
• Sensation: pathways and centers. The sensation disorders
• Cranial nerves: functions and related disorders.
• Symbolic functions: aphasias, agnosias, apraxias and other neurocognitive dysfunctions.
• The state of consciousness and its disorders.
• Meningites and encephalitis.
• Epilepsies and the electroencephalogram.
• Demyelinating diseases and cerebral evoked potentials
• Cerebral vascular diseases.
• Diseases of the spinal nerves. neuropathies. The electromyogram and electroneurogram.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron disorders
• Muscle diseases.
• Myasthenia
• Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism. Choreas, dystonias, tremors.
• Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.
• Degenerative ataxias.
• Brain tumors from the neurological perspective
• Headach, Trigeminal neuralgia and other head pains.

Neurosurgery

• Brain tumors and central nervous system metastases
• Degenerative diseases of the cervical and lumbar spine
• Hydrocephalus
• Radiculopathies and myelopathies
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Course delivery

Human Anatomy

• mandatory attendance

Neurophysiology

• mandatory attendance

Neurology

• mandatory attendance

Neurosurgery

• mandatory attendance

Learning assessment methods

Human Anatomy

The test consists of a multiple choice quiz in Moodle, in person or in the classroom. The password to enter the quiz will be given in the classroom. The student will have 60 minutes to answer to 60 questions with 4 answers each. Each question will give 0.5 points. More than 1 exact answer is possible

Neurophysiology

The test consists of a multiple choice quiz in Moodle, in person in a classroom. The password to enter the quiz will be given in the classroom. The quiz contains 10 multiple choice questions with 4 answers each. Each correct answer gives 3 points. There is no penalty to wrong answers. The pass grade is 18/30. It is not possible to go back to previously answered questions. The time is 20 minutes.

Neurology

The test consists of a multiple choice quiz in Moodle, in person or in the classroom. The password to enter the quiz will be given in the classroom. The student will have 70 minutes to answer to 33 questions with 4 answers each. Each question will give 1 point from 0 to 33. Three more right answers are needed for laude. More than 1 exact answer is possible

Neurosurgery

The test consists of a multiple choice quiz in Moodle, in person or in the classroom. The password to enter the quiz will be given in the classroom. The student will have 30 minutes to answer to 10 questions with 4 answers each. Each question will give 3 points. More than 1 exact answer is possible

Final vote and general rules

Anatomy and physiology are preparatory subjects for neurology and neurosurgery: an insufficient mark in these subjects will not allow the clinical subjects tests to be taken.The final mark will be the weighted average of the marks from the four different modules. It will be published on Esse3 and each student will have 5 days to accept or reject the final grade.

The examination is valid for one year from the first basic sciences module passed

After successfully passing one of the two basic science modules (Anatomy and/or Physiology), the student may take the remaining modules during the following calendar year.

Support activities

Anatomy

Practical activities on the virtual corpse (Anatomage) in small groups (20/25 students). Based on the government provisions on Coronavirus, professors are planning laboratory activities with VR / AR tools.

Neurophysiology

Interactive teaching

Neurology

Clinical training and interactive teaching

Neurosurgery

Clinical training

Neuroanatomy

• Grey's Anatomy - EDRA
• Brodal - The Central Nervous System, Oxford University Press
• Vercelli - Neuroanatomia Funzionale

Neurophysiology 

• Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ, Principles of neural science, McGraw Hill.

Neurology

• Merritt’s Neurology (14th edition, 2021);
• Current Diagnosis & Treatment Neurology (3rd edition, 2021).

Neurosurgery

Notes

Students with DSA or disabilities are kindly requested to take note of the reception services and support services offered by the University of Turin, and in particular of the procedures required for exam support.

Teaching Modules

• Neurology - Module of Human Anatomy (SCB0217D)
• Neurology - Module of Neurology (SCB0217B)
• Neurology - Module of Neurosurgery (SCB0217C)
• Neurology - Module of Physiology (SCB0217A)

• Teaching material
• Exams and finals
• Class schedule
• Go to Moodle
• Register for the course
• Enrolled students
• Invia email agli studenti registrati
• Export table