MedInTO Medicine and Surgery

Pathology

Pathology

Academic year 2020/2021

Sommario del corso

• Course objectives
• Results of learning outcomes
• Course delivery
• Learning assessment methods
• Support activities
• Program
• Suggested textbooks and readings
• Notes
• Course modules
• Teaching tools

Course objectives

- Basic lesions in pathology including cell damage, tissue damage, organ damage; their evolution during most relevant diseases in different organs and apparatuses.

- Role of pathology in the decision-making process of physicians and surgeons, employing the contribution from diagnostic histopathology and cytopathology in the fields of diagnosis, preventive medicine, prognosis and treatment of individual patients.

- Role of pathology in the knowledge of most relevant diseases in the various organs and apparatuses (see program for details).

- Critical analysis correlation ability between functional alterations, signs and symptoms and pathological conditions, interpretation the underlying mechanisms and understanding the clinical significance.

- New diagnostic molecular techniques applied to cells and tissues for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes, aimed to better characterizing human tumors.

Results of learning outcomes

Learning outcomes should include the knowledge of skills as well as protocols and procedures in diagnostic pathology; knowledge of the classification of pathological non-neoplastic and neoplastic processes for each individual organ and system; applicability and limits of the different types of tissue samples depending on the diagnostic context.

Course delivery

The course is delivered as frontal lectures, integrated teaching and elective teaching activities and case discussion for problem solving. Material of frontal lectures is made available for the students at the end of each activity.

Web live lectures/teaching will be delivered trough cisco webex tool (https://unito.webex.com/meet/marco.volante; https://unito.webex.com/meet/anna.sapino; https://unito.webex.com/meet/luisella.righi

Learning assessment methods

Final exam at the end of the course (no intermediate exams will be scheduled).

The exam is written and oral part. Written exam consist into multiple choice or short text answers. In case of positive result (at least 15/30 vote), the candidate will proceed to the oral part. The oral will add up to +/-30% of the vote obtained in the written part. However, in the presence of completely inadequate oral examination the student can be considered insufficient, irrespective of the vote obtained in the written part. 

Support activities

Course Teachers are available at any time upon request to provide additional information and support to students.

Program

INTRODUCTION TO PATHOLOGY

- History of pathology; pathology techniques; types of cell and tissue samples, fixation.

CARDIO-VASCULAR PATHOLOGY

- Pericardium: effusions, pericarditis, tumors.

- Heart: congenital heart disease; myocarditis; endocarditis; rheumatic heart disease; valvular diseases; cardiomyopathy; infarction; angina; sudden death.

- Vessels: atherosclerosis, calcific sclerosis, arteriolosclerosis; aortic dissection; vasculitis.

- Complex diseases: heart failure; hypertensive disease; heart transplant.

PULMONARY PATHOLOGY

- Larynx: laryngitis, polyp, papilloma, leucoplakia, carcinoma.

- Lung: cysts; atelectasy, diffuse alveolar damage; pulmonary hypertension; embolism; chronic bronchitis and small airway disease, emphysema, bronchiectasy, asthma; pneumonia; abscess; pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, sarcoidosis; tuberculosis; mycosis; lung cancer.

- Pleura: effusions; pleuritic; hyaline plaques; tumors.

- Complex diseases: obstructive and restrictive respiratory syndromes.

MEDIASTINUM

- Tumors (Thymic and extrathymic)

GASTROINTESTINAL PATHOLOGY

- Oral cavity and salivary glands: inflammatory lesions; precancerous lesions; tumors.

- Esophagus: congenital malformations and stenosis, precancerous lesions and carcinoma.

- Stomach: gastritis; peptic ulcer; polyps and adenoma; carcinoma; other tumors.

- Bowel: congenital abnormalities; diverticular disease; malabsorption; infarction and ischemic colitis; enteritis; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); polyp, adenoma and adenomatous syndromes; carcinoma and other tumors.

- Peritoneum. Effusions; peritonitis, tumors.

- Liver and biliary tract: vascular diseases; toxic and viral hepatitis; liver necrosis; infections; cholangitis; lithiasis; cirrhosis; primary and secondary tumors.

- Exocrine pancreas: acute and chronic pancreatitis; tumors.

- Complex diseases: liver failure; liver transplant.

BREAST PATHOLOGY

- Mastitis; fibrocystic disease; gynecomastia; fibro-epithelial lesions; papillomas; pre-invasive neoplastic lesions, carcinoma; other tumors.

GENITOURINARY PATHOLOGY

- Kidney: cystic disease; primary and secondary glomerulopathies; primary and secondary tubular diseases; interstitial nephritis; infections; vasculitis; tumors; renal transplant.

- Bladder: cystitis; tumors.

- Testis: orchitis and epididymitis; cryptorchidism; male infertility; tumors.

- Prostate: hyperplasia; inflammation; preinvasive lesions and carcinoma.

- Ovary: physiological changes; cysts and polycystic ovary syndrome; neoplasms

- Uterus: endometrial and cervical infections; endometrial hormonal abnormalities; endometriosis; endometrial hyperplasia; pre-invasive endometrial lesions; endometrial carcinoma; stromal tumors;  cervical cancer screening; pre-invasive cervical lesions; cervical carcinoma; pathology of pregnancy.

- Vulva and vagina: inflammatory disorders/infections; tumors.

ENDOCRINE PATHOLOGY

- Thyroid: developmental anomalies; hyperplastic disease; inflammatory-autoimmune diseases; neoplasms; cytology of thyroid nodules.

- Parathyroid: cysts; hyperplasia; tumors.

- Neuroendocrine neoplasms: classification and site-specific characterization.

- Adrenal: congenital anomalies; hemorrhage; infections; hyperplasia; cortical tumors; medullary tumors.

- Pituitary: inflammatory/infiltrative diseases; necrosis; tumors.

HEMATO PATHOLOGY

- Lymph nodes: Lymphoadenitis; Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

- Bone marrow: leukemias; myeloma; myeloproliferative and myelodisplastic syndromes.

- Spleen: congestion; infarction, splenomegalies, infections.

DERMATO PATHOLOGY

- Inflammatory disorders; infections/infestations; epithelial neoplasms; melanocytic neoplasms; other tumors

NEURO PATHOLOGY:

- Trauma and hemorrhages; infections; demyelinating diseases; degenerative diseases; tumors.

BONE AND SOFT TISSUE PATHOLOGY

- Bone: fibrous dysplasia; osteopenic diseases; Paget disease; infections; bone tumors.

- Soft tissues: classification of benign tumors and sarcomas.

AUTOPSY

- medical purposes; post mortem phenomena; cause of death definition.

Robbins & Cotran. Pathologic Basis of Disease. Elsevier. (2020)

The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology. Wolters Kluwer. (2019)

Note

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Moduli didattici

• Pathology - Module of Pathology A (SCB0216A)
• Pathology - Module of Pathology B (SCB0216B)

• Teaching materials
• Exams and finals
• Go to Moodle
• Visit the forums