MedInTO Medicine and Surgery

Orthopedics and Traumatology

Orthopedics and Traumatology

Academic year 2019/2020

Sommario del corso

• Course objectives
• Results of learning outcomes
• Course delivery
• Learning assessment methods
• Program
• Suggested textbooks and readings
• Teaching tools

Course objectives

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Results of learning outcomes

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Course delivery

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Learning assessment methods

Written exam (multiple choice questions) followed by optional oral part.

The written part will consist of 30 questions of orthopaedics and traumatology, 20 of human anatomy and 10 of plastic surgery. Each question counts 1 point. Both wrong and not given answres count 0. The final mark will be the sum of the corret answers divided by two.

In order to pass the exam the student must answer correctly at least 18 questions of orthopaedics and traumatology, 12 of human anatomy and 6 of plastic surgery. If not, the student will have to repeat the exam.

Program

Anatomy

General aspects of bones, joints and skeletal muscles
General aspects of peripheral nerves and skeletal muscle innervations
Anatomy of the trunk: bones, joints, ligaments and muscles
Anatomy of the upperlimb: bones, joints (shoulder, elbow, wrist), muscles, nerves (median, ulnar, radial nerves)
Anatomy of the lowerlimb: bones, joints (hip, knee, ankle), muscles, nerves (sciatic nerve)

Orthopaedics 

• Diagnosis in orthopaedics
• Genetic disorders, skeletal dysplasias and malformations

• Developmental dysplasia of the hip
• Congenital deformities of the foot (talipes equinovarus, metatarsus adductus, talipes calcaneovalgus, congenital vertical talus)
• Torticollis

• Infancy and childhood pathologies

• Osteochondrosis/osteochondritis
• General aspects
• Legg-Calvè-Perthes disease
• Other forms of osteochondrosis (Sever’s disease, Scheuermann’ disease, Osgood-Schlatter disease, Kohler’s disease, Kienböck’s disease)
• Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
• Kyphosis and Scoliosis
• Osteochondritis dissecans
• Genu varum and genu valgum in children and adults
• Pes planus and pes valgus (“flat foot”)
• Pes cavus (“high-arched foot”)

• Muscoloskeletal tumours

• Primary tumours of bone
• Benign lesions of bone: osteochondroma, enchondroma, , multiple chondromas and associated conditions, chondroblastoma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, non-ossifying fibroma, giant-cell tumou of bone, simple bone cyst, aneurismal bone cyst, fibrous dysplasia, : osteoma osteoide, osteoblastoma, encondroma, esostosi, tumore gigantocellulare, condroblastoma
• Malignant bone tumours: osteosarcoma and its variants, chondrosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma,
• Metastatic bone disease
• Multiple myeloma
• Lipoma and Liposarcoma

• Metabolic and endocrine bone disorders
  • Physiology of the bone
  • Assessment of bone disorders
  • Osteoporosis
  • Rickets and osteomalacia
  • Chronic kidney disease mineral bone disorders
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Paget’s disease of bone
• Bone infections
  • Acute/Subacute/Chronic ostemyelitis
  • Acute suppurative arthritis
  • Tuberculosis
• Osteoarthritis
  • General aspects
  • Hip osteoarthritis and total hip arthroplasty (implant materials)
  • Knee osteoarthritis and knee replacement
  • Allux valgus
• Femoroacetabular impingement
• Non-traumatic pathology of the shoulder
  • Impingement syndrome
  • Rotator cuff tendinitis and rupture
  • Calcification of the rotator cuff
  • Biceps tendon pathology
  • Frozen shoulder
  • Osteoarthritis of the acromion-clavicular joint
  • Shoulder soetoarthritis
  • Shoulder ostaoarthritis and shoulder replacement
  • Shoulder instability
  • Shoulder arthroscopy
• Avascular necroris of the femoral head
• Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
• Nerve compression syndromes
  • General aspects
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Cubital tunnel syndrome
  • Radial nerve compression
• Tendon disorders
  • Tendinopathies around the elbow (tennis elbow, golfer’s elbow, distal biceps tendinopathy and avulsion)
  • Tendinopathies around the hand (trigger finger, mallet finger, De Quervain’s disease)
  • Dupuytren’s contracture
  • Tendinopathies around the knee (patellar tendinopathy, rupture of the extensor apparatus)
  • Disorders of the Achilles tendon (tendinitis and rupture)
• Nontraumatic pathology of the spine
  • Intervertebral cervical and lumbar disc degeneration and prolapse
  • Spondilolisthesis
  • Spinal stenosis

 Traumatology

• General principles
  • Definition and Classification of fracture
  • How fractures heal
  • Clinical features
  • Complications of fractures
  • Open fractures
  • Stress fractures
  • Injuries of the physis
  • Injuries to joints
  • General principles of nonoperative and operative treatment
• Lower limb traumatology in adults
  • Hip fractures
  • Femoral shaft and supracondilar fractures of the femur
  • Pelvic fractures
  • Tibial plateau fractures
  • Patella fracture and dislocation
  • Gamba
  • Ankle sprain
• Upper limb traumatology in adults
  • Fractures (clavicle, scapula, glenoid, proximal humerus, umeral shaft, distal humerus, radial head, coronoid, olecranon, forerm, distal radius, scaphoid)
  • Dislocations (glenohumeral, acromio-clavicular; “pulled elbow”, simple elbow dislocation)
• Knee ligament injuries
  • Cruciate and collateral ligaments injuries
  • Meniscal injuries
  • Knee arthroscopy
• Basic principles of management of major injuries

Rehabilitation medicine

The module of Rehabilitation Medicine includes lectures to the students with a focus on clinical implications and new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in Rehabilitation.

Introduction to Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine

Learning goals: 

• Rehabilitation in the future: Rehabilitation 2030
• Epidemiology
• The role of the Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Physician
• Individual Rehabilitation Plan
• Diagnostic, therapeutic, and assessment tools in Rehabilitation

Plastic Surgery

• Wounds ( healing, pathological scarring, difficult wounds)
• Pressure ulcers
• Grafts (skin grafts, dermo-adipous g., lipofilling, bone g., cartilagineous g.)
• Alloplastic implants
• Flaps ( random f., assial f., myocutaneous f., fasciocutaneous f., perforator f., island f., free f.)
• Tissue enpansion
• Great obesity ( classification, bariatric and plastic surgery)
• Burns ( degree and classifications, burn disease, local and general care)
• Facial bones fracture
• Congenital malformations ( lip and cleft palate, hypospadia, syndactilia, microtia)

• Post-oncological breast reconstruction 

    ( immediate and delay, through alloplastic

implants, through autologus flaps, nipple-areola-complex reconstruction)

• Facial Post-oncological reconstruction

Apley & Solomon's System of Orthopaedics and Trauma
Author: Ashley Blom, David Warwick, Michael WhitehouseEdition: 10th
Publisher: CRC Press

Gray's Anatomy, 41st Edition
The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice
Editor-in-Chiefs: Susan Standring
Imprint: Elsevier

• Teaching materials
• Exams and finals
• Go to Moodle
• Visit the forums