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Medical Radiology
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Medical Radiology
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Academic year 2024/2025
- Course ID
- SCB0221
- Teachers
- Andrea Veltri (Coordinator)
Silvia Daniela Morbelli (Lecturer)
Maurizio Balbi (Lecturer)
Marco Calandri (Lecturer) - Year
- 5th year
- Teaching period
- First semester
- Type
- Basic
- Credits/Recognition
- 5 (40 hours of lectures, 20 of exercises)
- Course disciplinary sector (SSD)
- MED/36 - diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy
- Delivery
- Formal authority
- Language
- English
- Attendance
- Mandatory
- Type of examination
- Written and oral
- Prerequisites
- Physics, fundamentals of diagnostic and functional imaging (second year, Clinical methodology and semeiotics course, Diagnostic Imaging module), pathologic basis of diseases.
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Sommario del corso
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Course objectives
The main aim of this course is to allow students to learn how to appropriately prescribe Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology techniques, as well as the therapeutic applications of Nuclear Medicine within the main clinical specialities. This aim will be achieved by focusing on the most important body organs/apparatus and the most common diseases. Focus will be given on some main clinical issues and case-based discussions. Furthermore, students will learn how to assess the risk-benefit ratio for each diagnostic and therapeutic technique used in specific diagnostic pathways (including the issue of exposure of patients to ionizing radiation, as determined by the current radiation protection legislation), as well as the procedures related to how patients grant their informed consent. This will be done by drawing on international guidelines and, where required, national ones too. The more practical part of this course will be focused on the IT tools used to view and analyze images, and on how the availability of reports and images takes place in a real clinical setting.
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Results of learning outcomes
By the end of the course, students will have become familiar with the best ways to appropriately select and prescribe radiological and nuclear medicine examinations, as well as interventional procedures, for specific diseases and other clinical issues. They will be able to make these decisions on the grounds of evidence-based criteria and fully account for the risk-benefit ratio of each technique (including laws concerning radiation protection). Students will also be able to give exhaustive information to patients about each technique and will be familiar with the procedures for being granted informed consent by patients.
Through their medical clerkships, students will become familiar with the IT tools typically employed in clinical practice for prescribing examinations and procedures, reading reports and viewing images. Finally, by the end of the course students will have developed key competencies in interpreting the main physiological and pathological findings and will have experienced interventional procedures either first-hand or via video recordings.
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Program
- Lesson 1. Introduction to Medical Radiology course: teachers' presentation; teaching course outlines: prerequisites, course objectives, learning outcomes, contents, learning assessment methods, and suggested readings; questions and answers.
I. Fundamental principles
- Lesson 2. Patient safety: basic principles of radiation protection; risks of magnetic resonance imaging; risks of nuclear medicine.
- Lesson 3. Risks of contrast media. Risks of interventional procedures. Informed consent. Appropriateness in requesting imaging examinations and referring patients.
- Lesson 4. Interacting with the Radiology Department: IT and referral and reporting mechanism (including image viewing). Review of diagnostic modalities I (Conventional radiology and Ultrasound).
- Lesson 5. Review of diagnostic modalities II (Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance). Cross sectional imaging anatomy.
II. Common emergency conditions
- Lesson 6. Urgent radiology imaging: chest and abdominal radiographs; skeletal radiograph and major trauma computed tomography.
III. Common clinical scenarios
- Lesson 7. Chest and cardiovascular disease: chest pain, breathlessness.
- Lesson 8. Chest and cardiovascular disease: cough, hemoptysis.
- Lesson 9. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology in lung cancer.
- Lesson 10. Gastrointestinal disease: abdominal pain and masses.
- Lesson 11. Gastrointestinal disease: swallowing disorders, change in bowel habits, jaundice, gastrointestinal haemorrhage.
- Lesson 12. Radiology in chronic liver disease.
- Lesson 13. Renal and urological disease: urinary colic, haematuria, urinary obstruction, urinary tract infections.
- Lesson 14. Renal and urological disease: renal, urinary, and prostate tumors; testicular disease.
- Lesson 15. Breast disease.
- Lesson 16. Neurological disease: stroke, severe headache, seizures, altered consciousness, spinal cord compression.
- Lesson 17. Musculoskeletal disease: bone and joint pain, bone and soft tissue infection, neck and back pain.
- Lesson 18. Obstetric and gynaecological disease: normal and abnormal pregnancy; gynaecological tumors.
- Lesson 19. Diagnostic and interventional radiology in the advanced oncological scenario: oligometastatic disease, diffuse metastatic disease, interventional procedures and standardized reporting criteria.
IV. Nuclear Medicine
- Lesson 20. Endocrine diseases: Functional studies and therapy.
- Lesson 21. Oncology: Management of main solid tumors and prostate cancer (PET and SPECT tracers).
- Lesson 22. Neurology: Neurodegenerative diseases and Movement disorders (Dementia, Parkinson, and Parkinsonism).
- Lesson 23. Cardiology and Nephrology (Ischemic, Inflammatory, Vascular and Infectious disease).
- Lesson 24. Radioguided surgery.
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Course delivery
48 hours (24 lessons): lectures including case-based interaction; documents furnishing (guidelines, educational articles, legislation documents and protocols, etc.).
12 hours: additional activities (workshops, exercises, seminars, etc.).
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Learning assessment methods
Type of exam
- In-person (except for cases illustrated in the University provisions).
- Two-day examination:
- Day 1, written test (about 30 min): write a short text on one “open-ended” question (out of a list of fifty questions mainly based on the contents of the lessons. Students will be made familiar with this list in advance).
- Day 2 (24 hours later or more): an oral exam with one extra question selected from the same list of fifty questions.
Both questions are randomly chosen when the exams start.
Assessment criteria
Ability to organize knowledge. Ability to use critical reasoning on a case study (when asked). Quality of the response in terms of content (use of specialized lexicon, linearity of the response, use of evidence-based arguments, effectiveness, etc.).
Marks.
- Written test: a numerical mark on a scale of thirty. A minimum of 18/30 is required to take the oral test.
- Oral exam: a numerical mark on a scale of thirty. A minimum of 18/30 is required to pass the exam.
Final grade: the mathematical average of the written and oral exam marks; the exam committee reserves the right to award or detract a maximum of 5 points at their discretion.
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Support activities
Lectures will be available in live streaming for students who cannot attend due to any of the conditions set out in the University provisions.
Additional teaching material (e.g., slides or pdf files) will be uploaded on the course Moodle page (only available for students who have completed their registration).
Suggested readings and bibliography
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- Book
- Title:
- Introduction to Diagnostic Radiology
- Year of publication:
- 2014
- Publisher:
- McGraw-Hill
- Author:
- Khaled M. Elsayes, Sandra A. A. Oldham
- ISBN
- Required:
- No
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- Book
- Title:
- Nuclear Medicine Textbook. Methodology and Clinical Applications
- Year of publication:
- 2019
- Publisher:
- Springer
- Author:
- D. Volterrani et al.
- ISBN
- Required:
- No
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- Book
- Title:
- ESR eBook for Undergraduate Education in Radiology
- Year of publication:
- 2023
- Publisher:
- European Society of Radiology
- Author:
- ESR Undergraduate Education Subcommittee
- Required:
- No
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Notes
Students with DSA or disabilities are kindly requested to take note of the reception services and support services offered by the University of Turin, and in particular of the procedures required for exam support.
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